SOCIO-CULTURAL, ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF MASS TOURISM ON WORLD HERITAGE SITES: A STUDY ON SUN TEMPLE KONARK, ODISHA
2
Author(s):
DR. MD. SABIR HUSSAIN, MR. SANTOSH KUMAR DWIVEDI
Vol - 7, Issue- 12 ,
Page(s) : 172 - 196
(2016 )
DOI : https://doi.org/10.32804/IRJMST
Abstract
There is certainly a complex and longstanding relationship between World Heritage and tourism. There are of course numerous sites of world heritage List in India and abroad which is not only protected from tourisms perspectives only the reasons of protection, daily management, or issues of physical and perceptual access are much broader than tourism. The designation of world heritage status may fall upon sites, particularly urban sites, which already have some degree of tourist activity. Many World Heritage Sites are actively engaging in their own “transformation” into tourist destinations.
- Badan, B.S. (1997). Impact
of tourism in South India, (p.97). New Delhi, India: Commonwealth
Publication.
- Lundgren, J. O. (1973).
Tourism Impact/island Entrepreneurship in Caribbean. Paper presented to
Conference of Latin American Geographers. In Mathieson, A. and Wall, G. (1982). (Eds.). Tourism:
Economic, Physical and Social Impact, (248-57). London: Longman.
- Edgell, D. L. (2016). Managing
Sustainable Tourism: A Legacy for Future,(p.212). London: Routledge.
- Pineda, F. D., &
Brebbia, C. A. (2012). Sustainable Tourism (V), (p.378). Ashurst, UK:
WIT Press.
- Sunulu, U. (2003).
Environmental Impact of Tourism, Options Mediterranean, Series A. Seminaires
Mediterranean No.57, 263-70.
- Cessford, G. C., &
Dingwall, P. R. (1998). An approach to assessing the environmental impact of
Tourism. In Tourism and Hospitality Research Conference, Department of
Conservation, (p.48). Welligton, New Zealand.
- Davies, T. & Cahill, S. (2000).
Environmental Implications of the Tourism Industry. Discussion paper 00-24.
Washington DC: Resources for the Future.
- Swarbrooke, J. S. (1999). The development and
Management of Visitor Attractions, (IInd Edition). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
- Martin, M., & Munt, I. (2003). Tourism
and Sustainability: Development and New tourism in Third World, (2nd
Edition). New York, NY: Routledge.
- Shaw, G., Williams, A. M.
(2004). Tourism and tourism Spaces. New Delhi, India: Sage
- Murphy, (1985). Tourism A
Community Approach. New York: Methuen.
- Richards, G. & Hall, D.
(2000). Tourism and sustainable community development. London: Routledge.
- Godfrey, K., & Clarke, J. (2000). The Tourism Development
Handbook: A practical approach to Planning and Marking. Victoria,
Embankment: Cassell Publication.
- Hassan, S. S. (2000).
Determinants of Market Competitiveness in Environmentally Sustainable Tourism
Industry. Journal of Travel Research, 38, 239-245.
- Richards, G. & Hall, D.
(2000). Tourism and sustainable community development. London:
Routledge.
- Mitra, A. (2005). Study of
the evaluation of fin fish juvcnile loss due to wild harvest of tiger prawn
seed from coastal West Bengal, report commissioned by Department of Marine
Science, University of Calcutta, for the project” Trade, Environment and
Rural Poverty, Institute of Economic Growth, New Delhi, India.
- Hunter, C. (2002). Aspects
of the sustainable tourism debate from a natural resources perspective. In
Harris, R., Griffin, T. & Williams, O. (Eds.). Sustainable Tourism – A
global perspective,(3-23). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
- Williams, S. (2004). Critical
Concepts in the Social Sciences. London: Routledge.
- Hall, (2000). Themes in
Tourism: Tourism Planning Policies, Processes and Relationships. Singapore:
Prentice Hall.
- Dodds, R., & Butler, R.
W. (2010). Barrier to Implementing Sustainable Tourism Policy in Mass Tourism
Destinations. Tourism: An International Multidisciplinary Journal of
Tourism, 5 (1) 35-53.
- Butler, R.W. (1980). The
concept of a tourist area cycle of evolution: Implications for management of
resources’. Canadian Geographer 24 (1), 5–12.
- Sahu, K. K. (2013). Growth
and Prospects of Tourism in Odisha. International Journal of Humanities and
social science invention, 2(5), 22-28.
<span style="mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%"><o:p></o:p>
|