PSYCHOSOCIAL CHALLENGES AND COPING TECHNIQUES OF FEMALE RETURNEE MIGRANTS FROM MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES- A CASE OF ETHIOPIA
2
Author(s):
GEZAHEGN GURMU BALCHA, KASSIM KIMO KEBELO
Vol - 8, Issue- 8 ,
Page(s) : 26 - 37
(2017 )
DOI : https://doi.org/10.32804/IRJMST
Abstract
Migration has been a phenomenon of all periods of history and of all continents. It is becoming one of the global phenomena in the 21st century (IOM, 2004). By country of migration and gender, reports on Ethiopian migrants in the Middle East indicate, 68 percent of them are females (IOM, 2010). From Ethiopia, the number of women domestic workers migrating to the Middle East countries (which includes Bahrain, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates) is growing (Metz, 1993). Primarily, the influx of women to the Middle East has become a growing social problem in Ethiopia. Like most of Ethiopian women who leave for work, the migrant women are driven by the motives for earning a living as domestic workers. The women face enormous challenges during the process of their travel, as foreign housemaids and upon returning home. Besides, currently, shocking news has been covered both by national and international medias about forced returnees from Saudi Arabia in particular. The general objective of the study is to investigate the magnitude of psychosocial problems encountered by the female migrant returnees, to identify their coping strategies, and their need for psychosocial rehabilitation. Specifically, it is intended to Investigate psychological and social problems that female migrant returnees had encountered and coping strategies that female migrant returnees had employed. The researchers used a mixed-methods approach, quantitative and qualitative approach. The method of triangulation was used to collect the quantitative and qualitative data which lead to well validated and substantial findings. The study indicated that the majority of the respondents were legal migrants; only some of them had made illegal journey to the Arab countries. In the process of migration (facilitated by agency workers and brokers), the respondents had faced challenges, that is, they experienced physical attack, psychological humiliation and verbal harassment. The study also indicated that some of the returnee migrants managed to cope with the life difficulty they had faced. Based on this study several recommendations have been made.
- Ahmad, Farah et al. 2004. “Voices of South Asian Women: Immigration and Mental Health”, Women & Health, 40(4):113-130.
- Anbesse, B., Hanlon, C., Alem, A., Packer, S., and Whitley, R. (2009). Migration and Mental Health: a Study of Low-Income Ethiopian Women Working in Middle Eastern Countries. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 55(6), 557-568.
- Bhugra, Dinesh, and Matthew Becker (2005)."Migration, cultural bereavement and cultural identity." World Psychiatry 4(1): 18-24.
- Belayneh, T. (2003).Research and communication strategy definition, Be informed: Counter trafficking through information. (10-27). Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: International Organization for Migration.
- Birke A., et al. (July 2009).Migration and Mental Health: A Study of low-income Ethiopian Women working in Middle Eastern Countries. Published by SAGE
- Emebet Kebede (2002) Ethiopia: An Assessment of the International Labour Migration
- Situation; The Case of Female Labour Migrants. GENPROM Working Paper No. 3 Gender Promotion Program International Labour Office, Geneva.
- Giovannelli, C. (2009) “Trends in international migration stock: The 2008 Revision”. Presented at Eighth Coordination Meeting on International Migration, New York, 16-17 November 2009.
- GTZ (2006).Trafficking in women forced labour and domestic work in the context of Middle East and Gulf Region. Working paper. Addis Ababa: GTZ.
- ILO (2011).Promoting the Rights of Women Migrant Domestic Workers in Arab States: The Case of Lebanon.Issue Brief 1 Published
- Kebede E. (2002) Ethiopia: An Assessment of the International Labour Migration Situation. The Case of Female Labour Migrants.Gender Promotion Program Series on Women and Migration, Geneva: International Labour Organization.
- Metz, Helem Chapin (ed.) (1993).Persian Gulf States: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress.
- The Ethiopian Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (MoLSA) (April 2010) Report on Labour Market Situation and Employment Exchange Service Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Published
- The Ethiopian Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (MoLSA) (May 2004) Policy Frameworks of Work Migration to the Middle East Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Published
|